Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and correlation with adverse effects and coinfections in people living with HIV/AIDS in the municipality of Goiás State.

INTRODUCTION: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an advanced stage of a human immunodeficiency virus infection. The antiretroviral therapy aims to improve the life quality of HIV patients and a good adherence is essential for a better prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the adherence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients to antiretroviral therapy recommended by the Brazilian health system in Anápolis/Goiás, and correlate the level of adherence with sociodemographic data and clinical-laboratory variables. METHODS: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy was assessed using the Questionnaire for Evaluation of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy. The sociodemographic data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and the clinical-laboratory records were reviewed. RESULTS: Among 220 patients included, 59% (129/220) were men and the average age was 41 years. Infection was acquired primarily through sexual contact (92%, 202/220), and 69% (152/220) of the patients were heterosexual. Approximately 86% (188/220) of the patients had good or strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy. In our study, the use of illicit drugs was associated with low adherence to antiretroviral therapy (p=0.0004), and no significant association was observed between adherence levels and other sociodemographic data (p>0.05). The logistic regression indicated that adverse effects (p=0.0018) and sexual orientation (p=0.0152) were associated with the level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Patients with good or strict adherence had higher CD4+T lymphocyte count (p<0.0001) and undetectable viral load (p<0.0001). Patients with low adherence (14%, 32/220) had higher frequency of adverse events (p=0.0009). The frequency of coinfections was 25% (55/220), with syphilis and tuberculosis being the most common coinfections. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence was related to use of illicit drugs, adverse effects, and sexual orientation.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and correlation with adverse effects and coinfections in people living with HIV/AIDS in the municipality of Goiás State

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an advanced stage of a human immunodeficiency virus infection. The antiretroviral therapy aims to improve the life quality of HIV patients and a good adherence is essential for a better prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the adherence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients to antiretroviral therapy recommended by the Brazilian health system in Anápolis/Goiás, and correlate the level of adherence with sociodemographic data and clinical-laboratory variables. METHODS Adherence to antiretroviral therapy was assessed using the Questionnaire for Evaluation of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy. The sociodemographic data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and the clinical-laboratory records were reviewed. RESULTS: Among 220 patients included, 59% (129/220) were men and the average age was 41 years. Infection was acquired primarily through sexual contact (92%, 202/220), and 69% (152/220) of the patients were heterosexual. Approximately 86% (188/220) of the patients had good or strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy. In our study, the use of illicit drugs was associated with low adherence to antiretroviral therapy (p=0.0004), and no significant association was observed between adherence levels and other sociodemographic data (p>0.05). The logistic regression indicated that adverse effects (p=0.0018) and sexual orientation (p=0.0152) were associated with the level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Patients with good or strict adherence had higher CD4+T lymphocyte count (p<0.0001) and undetectable viral load (p<0.0001). Patients with low adherence (14%, 32/220) had higher frequency of adverse events (p=0.0009). The frequency of coinfections was 25% (55/220), with syphilis and tuberculosis being the most common coinfections. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence was related to use of illicit drugs, adverse effects, and sexual orientation.

Patógenos e complicações associadas a infecções do trato urinário no período gestacional / Pathogens and complications associated with urinary tract infections in the gestational period

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi realizar um levantamento de documentos na literatura científica, identificando os principais sintomas e complicações da ITU no período gestacional bem como analisar as classes microbiológicas envolvidas. Fontes de dados: Análise de artigos publicados na literatura nacional e internacional indexados no PubMed e Scielo. Seleção dos estudos: Foram analisados 30 artigos, entre os anos de 2007 a 2017. Os critérios de inclusão: artigos completos disponíveis online, em português ou inglês, que abordassem o tema. Os critérios de exclusão: artigos incompletos, dissertações ou teses sem a publicação do artigo, livros e apostilas. Coleta de dados: Após a leitura de 30 artigos, 15 foram selecionados para o estudo, sendo 80% de estudo transversal, 13,3% de estudo retrospectivo e 6,6%, revisão de literatura. Síntese de dados: Dos artigos analisados, bacteriúria assintomática foi a infecção mais relatada; em seguida, pielonefrite e cistite. A sintomatologia foi variada, a presença de disúria, urgência miccional e polaciúria foram os sintomas relatados na maioria dos estudos. As complicações observadas: parto prematuro, baixo peso do recém-nascido e complicações infecciosas pós-parto. O microrganismo mais prevalente nos estudos foi Escherichia coli com, aproximadamente, 85% dos casos. Conclusões: Este trabalho evidenciou elevada importância do tema pela grande incidência na população de estudo e os riscos gerados à saúde da mulher e do feto.(AU)

Objective: The goal of the study was to carry out a survey of scientific literature documents, identifying both the main symptoms and complications of ITU during the gestation period and analyze microbiological classes involved. Data Source: Analysis of articles published on national literature and international literature indexed on (PubMed and Scielo). Studies Selection: 30 articles were analyzed, between 2007 and 2017. The inclusion criteria were: Complete articles available online, in Portuguese or English that approached the theme. The exclusion criteria were: incomplete articles, dissertations or theses without the publication of the article, books and workbooks. Data Gathering: After reading the 30 articles, 15 were selected for the study, 80% in cross-section study, 13,3% in being retrospective study and 6,6% being literature reviews. Data Summary: From the analyzed articles, asymptomatic bacteriuria was the most reported infection being followed by pyelonephritis and cystitis. The symptomatology was diverse, presented by dysuria, mictional urgency and polaciuria were the symptomns reported in most articles. The complications observed were premature delivery, low weight from the newborn and postpartum infectious complications. The most prevailing in the studies microorganism was Escherichia coli, with approximately 85% of the cases. Conclusion: This work highlighted the high importance of the theme, by its great occurrence among the population from the state and the risks caused to the unborn baby and woman's health.(AU)

Avaliação das taxas de adequabilidade dos laudos citopatológicos de mulheres atendidas pelo SUS no município de Anápolis-GO / Evaluation of suitability rates of the women's cytopathology reports attended by the SUS on the Anapolis-GO

O exame citopatológico é o método mais difundido mundialmente para o rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero e suas lesões precursoras, sua vulnerabilidade aos erros de coleta e de preparação da lâmina. A subjetividade na interpretação dos resultados pode comprometer sua sensibilidade e especificidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as taxas de adequabilidade dos laudos citopatológicos de cérvice uterina em exames realizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na cidade de Anápolis-GO em dois anos, bem como especificar os principais fatores obscurecedores de amostra. A amostra foi composta pelo levantamento de laudos citopatológicos de cérvice uterina em pacientes atendidas pelo SUS no município de Anápolis-GO nos anos de 2012 e 2013 nas bases de dados do Data-SUS e do Programa Siscolo. A taxa de laudos insatisfatórios foi de 3,4/1000 laudos (IC 95% 2,4 - 4,6) e 4,9/1000 laudos (IC 95% 3,9 - 6,1) para os anos de 2012 e 2013, respectivamente. A taxa geral do estudo para laudos insatisfatórios foi de 4,3/1000 laudos (IC 95% 3,5 - 5,1). O principal fator responsável pelos laudos insatisfatórios foi a presença de artefatos de dessecamento tanto na taxa geral, com 2,1/1000 laudos (IC 95% 1,7 ­ 2,8), quanto na estratificação anual, com 1,8/1000 laudos (IC 95% 1,2 ­ 2,7) em 2012 e 2,4/1000 laudos (IC 95% 1,7 ­ 3,3) em 2013. Estes achados indicam que as ações de educação continuada com os profissionais que realizam a coleta do exame preventivo são de fundamental importância, já que os fatores mais visualizados são passíveis de correção.(AU)

The cytopathological exam is the most used method around the globe in screening for cancer of the cervix and its precursor lesions. The vulnerability to collection errors, preparation of the glass and the subjectivity in the interpretation of the results can impact the sensibility and specificity of the exam. This article aims to avaliate the adequacy rates of cytopathological reports in uterine cervix by the Health Unic System (HUS) in Anapolis-GO in two years, as well as specify the main obscuring factors of the sample. The sample was taken by the cytopathological reports in uterine cervix treated by HUS in the city of Anapolis-GO between 2012 and 2013 on HUS database and Siscolo Program. The rate on unsatisfying reports was 3,4/1000 reports (IC 95% 2,4 ­ 4,6) and 4,9/1000 reports (IC 95% 3,9 ­ 6,1) between 2012 e 2013. The general rate on unsatisfying reports was 4,3/1000 reports (IC 95% 3,5 ­ 5,1). The main factor responsible for inadequate reports was the presence of artifacts from desiccation on the general rate at 2,1/1000 reports (IC 95% 1,7 ­ 2,8), as well on the annual stratification at 1,8/1000 reports (IC 95% 1,2 ­ 2,7) in 2012 and 2,4/1000 reports (IC 95% 1,7 ­ 3,3) in 2013. These findings reveal that continuing education activities with the professionals who perform the collection of the screening test are highly important, once that the findings are likely to correct.(AU)

Human papillomavirus genotypes 68 and 58 are the most prevalent genotypes in women from quilombo communities in the state of Maranhão, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) types and behavioral characteristics related to cytological abnormalities in women descendants of slaves, who live in isolated communities known as quilombos in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: Cervicovaginal specimens of 353 women were analyzed by conventional cytology and genotyping. HPV detection and genotyping was performed using a linear array HPV genotyping test kit. Behavioral factors and their association with cytological abnormalities were analyzed, as well as the association between cytological abnormalities and HPV infection. RESULTS: The frequency of HPV infection was 13%, and infection with high-risk HPV types was more frequent than with low-risk types (10.2% vs. 2.8%). The most prevalent genotypes were HPV 68 (3.1%) and HPV 58 (2.6%). HPV-positive women were 6.5 times more likely than HPV-negative women to be diagnosed with cytological abnormalities. There was a significant association between HPV infection and the presence of cytological abnormalities in women 31-40 years of age and in women 51-60 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: A distinct profile of high-risk HPV genotypes was detected, with predominance of types 68 and 58. It is possible that the results of the present study are due to specific characteristics of the population, which is geographically isolated and maintains conservative sexual habits.

Prevalência de lesões precursoras para o câncer de colo do útero nas regiões do Brasil e sua relação com a cobertura do programa de rastreamento / The prevalence of Precursor lesions for cervical cancer in regions of Brazil it?s relations hip with the screening program

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento de publicações existentes em periódicos que avaliam lesões precursoras do câncer de colo do útero e sua taxa de cobertura nas regiões brasileiras. Os resultados do levantamento de publicações já existentes apontam que os dados das lesões precursoras e o câncer de colo do útero são desencontrados em todas as regiões, este fato nos atentou para a realização do cálculo da cobertura aproximada. Baseado nos registros publicados pelo DATASUS, a cobertura por região foi de aproximadamente 8,5% no Sudeste (sendo a melhor cobertura entre as regiões do Brasil); Nordeste, 7,5%; Sul, 6,8%; Centro-Oeste, 6,4%; e Norte, 5,9%, sendo essa a pior cobertura entre as regiões brasileiras. Concluímos que a deficiência no sistema de rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero é um problema que atinge todas as regiões; logo, faz-se necessário a intensificação do programa de rastreamento para atingir o maior contingente de mulheres.(AU)

The objective of this study was to search of any existing publication in the literature that evaluates precursor lesions of cervical cancer and its rate in the Brazilian regions. The results of the researched publications already existing pointed to the data of precursor lesions of cervical cancer to be inexistent on all the regions, this fact brought up the attention to calculate the approximate coverage. Based in records published by DATASUS, the coverage by region was approximately 8.5% in the Southeast (being the best coverage of Brazil), Northeast, 7.5%; South, 6.8%; Central-West, 6.4% and 5.9% in the North, which was the worst of all the Brazilian areas. We conclude that a deficiency during the tracking research of the cervical cancer is a problem that affects all regions, so naturally it is necessary to intensify a tracking program to achieve and reach a larger number of women.(AU)